Supershtorm
Do you think that the weather outside is not very good ? However, in our solar system are such weather phenomena that we can not even imagine living in their safe world. For example , the hurricane ” Katrina ” struck the U.S. state of Louisiana August 29, 2005 and brought to the detriment of U.S. $ 80 billion and the death of about 1,800 people , is nothing compared with the destructive phenomena that exist among our neighbors in the galaxy. Hurricane on Jupiter is 60 times more powerful than the ” Katrina “, raged as much as 400 years. A Neptune wind speed reaches 3200 kilometers per hour, which is ten times greater than the strongest gusts of the same ” Katrina .” Power lightning on Jupiter is a thousand times greater than on Earth.
Coldest – Moon
Cold pole of the solar system , oddly enough , the Moon . In September 2009, NASA scientists have determined that the temperature of individual sites on the surface of our satellite is equal to -240 °. This 10 ° colder than Pluto , and only 30 above absolute zero {-273,16 °). Compare these figures with record temperatures in the coldest place on Earth , Antarctica (just -90 °!), And vote , in fact it is warm !
These points have been found on the moon craters in the area who are constantly shaded and warmed by the sun . The atmosphere on the moon is missing, so the warm breeze , which could contribute to heat, either. Here’s the bottom of craters and remains very cold.
If ever appear on Selena colonists from Earth, to sustain life on the bases they need a lot of water . It will be necessary not only for drinking and personal hygiene to the people , but also for the splitting of molecules and produce liquid hydrogen and oxygen , that is fuel that is required in space missions .
But whether there is water on the Moon ? Preliminary calculations have shown that the shaded lunar craters can be filled with water ice , but only in the case where the temperature below -220 °. When NASA scientists have analyzed the composition of the sample from the bottom of one of these craters , researchers joy knew no bounds. Water was present there ! So lunar bases – to be!
Wettest – Titanium
“Wet” point on Earth – Tutunendo , town in the department of Choco in the west of Colombia. There’s an average drop of 1.2 meters of rain a year . But this is not the only place in the solar system , requiring constant use of an umbrella. Titan, the largest of Saturn’s moons , is also very prone to ” whining .” But if you want to walk under the rain titanium , keep in mind that smoking it is very dangerous. Titan from heaven pours liquid methane – a flammable gas. NASA scientists are even considering it as a future rocket fuel . Although it should be noted that the combustion of methane needed oxygen supplement , and it there is very little .
That Titan dense cloudy atmosphere , known since 1979. That’s when NASA spacecraft ” Pio – neer -11 ” was held at a distance of 20,000 kilometers from the surface of Saturn, performing various measurements and photographs were sent to earth planet and its moon Titan. Methane – one of the components of its atmosphere . Temperature and pressure there is just such a gas to condense into droplets , forming clouds . But can these droplets turn into a rain ? It turns out they can.
In January 2005, Titan’s surface sank European Space Agency probe ” Huygens ” . Transpired. that the landscape of this celestial body is very similar to the Martian surface is strewn with rocks of water ice and hydrated liquid methane loftier territory – darker than the downstream plains Scientists have discovered the reason for this is not matching. Chemicals deposited on Titan ‘s atmosphere are of a light color . Methane rains they are washed off the hills and lighten the lower areas.
Most of the methane is absorbed into the soil. But in some places it formed from a giant lake and even rivers, tributaries. Just as in the world there is a circulation of water, methane on Titan gradually evaporates from rivers and lakes is in the atmosphere and falls as rain .
Windiest – Mars
The Red Planet is very similar to the American desert of Arizona. Mars – the same barren and desolate ” area ” with the strongest dust storms and tornadoes.
For the study of Mars was created American automatic interplanetary station ” Mariner 9 “. It launched May 30, 1971 using a rocket ” Atlas Centaur .” ” Mariner 9 ” reached the planet’s orbit on November 14 of the same year , becoming the first spacecraft to carry out such . Scientists shocked photos transferred ” Mariner 9 ” on Earth. According to the Red Planet worn mud vortices , while covering the entire Martian surface . The period of these dust storms mud lasts for several weeks , the strength surpassing all storms raging on the planets of the solar system. However, often there are observed less powerful winds that rage a few days.
It is known that when heated by the Sun the planet’s surface warm air rises and brings up the fine particles of the soil. On Earth, such rains moistened particles and thus do not give them to stay in the air. Mars is almost no rain occurs , the layer of the atmosphere there is very thin . It is approximately one percent of the earth layer. Therefore, over the Red Planet could often hangs like a thick cigarette smoke.
Moreover, on Mars are the strongest local storms . Scientists have dubbed them ” mud devils .” During such a powerful wind storms tornado with dust and whips on the planet’s surface . ” Mud Devils” found on Earth – in the desert . Tornado rise there to a height of about one kilometer , and their width is 20 meters . Mars dimensions ” devils ” than their Earth 50 times – due to lower air density.
Deadly space
Bad weather happens not only on the planets , but also in the space. Only instead of storms and gales in the vacuum of space are ” rain ” of ionized particles , which should be called the solar wind , as they are thrown out of our star , the Sun. Such emissions are due to natural changes in its magnetic field. Solar flares – this explosive energy release process . Duration of the impulsive phase is typically less than a few minutes, and the amount of energy released during this time, is capable of reaching billion megatons of TNT .
Space weather can be deadly for astronauts . Team . working on the International Space Station orbit , during high solar activity goes into a more secure hold. Astronauts ” Apol – lap -11 ,” fly to the moon and back. Lucky. Giant solar energy release occurred in August 1972 , just between space missions ” Apollo 16 and 17 .” But if flight coincided with the flash , the the consequences would be fatal.
Particles arriving to us from the Sun – the reason the northern and southern lights. This is a great show occurs when the upper atmosphere bombarded by charged particles moving to the land along the geomagnetic field lines . Astronomers argue that the more colorful auroras can be observed on Jupiter and Saturn .
Hottest – Venus
It’s hot on the surface of Venus – +460 °. This means that of the metal such as lead , tin and zinc, there may exist only in the molten state. But , apparently, the hottest of the planets of the solar system must be Mercury – the closest object to our luminary . However, the Blue Planet has atmosphere . That it absorbs solar energy . The density of the atmosphere at the surface of Venus approximately 50 times greater than the earth’s surface. We can say that the air is to a certain extent tough, and movement in such a dense gas environment should resemble something moving in the water.